Which Programming Language to Learn First-Java or C++

JAVA VS C++

What is Java 

• Java is a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995. 
• It has evolved from humble beginnings to power a large share of today’s digital world, by providing the reliable platform upon which many services and applications are built.
•  New, innovative products and digital services designed for the future continue to rely on Java, as well.
• While most modern Java applications combine the Java runtime and application together, there are still many applications and even some websites that will not function unless you have a desktop Java installed.
•  Java.com, this website, is intended for consumers who may still require Java for their desktop applications – specifically applications targeting Java 8.
•  Developers as well as users that would like to learn Java programming should visit the dev.java website instead and business users should visit oracle.com/java for more information.

 What is C++

• C++ is general-purpose object-oriented programming (OOP) language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup.
• Originally, C++ was called “C with classes,” as it had all the properties of the C language with the addition of user-defined data types called “classes.” It was renamed C++ in 1983.
• When C++ was new, object-oriented programming was just coming on the scene. This revolutionary type of computer programming transformed the coding world with its promise of more sophisticated virtual data types and objects.

• In object-oriented programming, an object is a data type that has both data and functions inherent in its design.

•  Prior to the advent of object-oriented programming, programmers typically saw a codebase as composed of individual command line instructions. The identification of objects with data and functions built in led to a new way of packaging and automating code work

Java is OOP language Means java is object oriented programming Language 

And c++ Is Also A OOP language

What is OOP (Object Oriented Programming):

• object oriented programming language focuses on Object rather than data.
• means in programming languages like c we are creating functions for any kind of  functionality but in object oriented programming languages we are create and object of class and then we can access the data of that class.
• object oriented programming languages supports four fundamental concept of oop

1. inheritance
2. polymorphism
3. abstraction
4. encapsulation

What are the differences between Java and C++

• A common misconception is that if a language is similar to another, then it must be similar in functionality. 
• While Java and C++ are similar in syntax, they are far more dissimilar in the way they execute and process.

Interpreted vs. compiled

• Java is an interpreted language, which means it is “translated” to binary at the time of execution. This allows it to run on any operating system regardless of where it was written.
•  C++ is a compiled language, which means your program is compiled on a specific operating system and runs only on that particular operating system.
•  If you want it compatible with another operating system, you must compile your program on it.

Memory management

• Like most high-level programming languages, Java supports garbage collection for automated memory management. In C++, you have to manage memory manually with the help of designated operators and pointers.  

Memory safe

• Java is a memory-safe language, which means if you attempt to assign values outside of the given array parameters, the programmer receives an error. C++ is much more flexible, but this comes at a price. 
• C++ will allow the programmer to assign values outside of the allocated memory resources, but this can later cause bugs and serious crashes during run-time.

Speed and performance

• Java is a favorite among developers, but because the code must first be interpreted during run-time, it’s also slower. 
• C++ is compiled to binaries, so it runs immediately and therefore faster than Java programs.

Multithreading

• The difference between C++ and Java in multithreading lies in the level of abstraction you have available for simplifying the writing of concurrent programs. 
• As a low-level language, C++ only gained the support of a standard library for multithreading with the addition of C++11. 
• Before that, it was an arduous chore of managing POSIX threads or p threads in C. Java has long provided more tools and built-in functions for writing concurrent code.
•  C++ does have a slight performance advantage here, though, due to it being closer to the hardware.  

Pointers

• Pointers are a C++ construct that allows you to manage values directly in memory spaces. 
• Java does not support pointers, so you are only able to pass values using value references.

Namespace scope

• C++ has both a global scope and a namespace scope to allow data and functions to exist outside of classes. 
• Because Java follows a single inheritance root hierarchy, it does not have a namespace scope.

Class and filename relationship

• In Java, there exists a strict relationship between the public class name and file name—your program won’t compile unless they are identical. 
• There is no such restriction in C++; your class and file names can be distinct as class declarations are handled by the header file.

Compatibility with other programming languages

• As a low-level compiled language, C++ is compatible with most other high-level languages. Java, however, is not compatible with other languages.

Root hierarchy

• Most object-oriented languages follow a singly rooted hierarchy where all classes must descend from other classes except for a single root class that descends from no one. 
• Java follows this single inheritance system. Because C++ is both procedural and object oriented, it doesn’t follow a specific root hierarchy.
• Variable declarations
• The syntax for declaring variables in C++ and Java is similar in that if C is a class in either language, the following operation will declare x to be type C:

<code>C x;</code>

• However, there is a subtle difference beneath the hood, in that in C++ this creates an object that is an instance of Class C while in Java this does not create an object but rather a pointer that can point to that object.

Portability

• Java was built to be platform independent by design. As long as the target machine has the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed, it will be able to compile Java into bytecode that can be run in a Java Runtime Environment (JRE). 
• C++ is not generally considered portable because it lacks this standard implementation. 
• Typically C++ source code must be compiled on every platform, making it platform dependent.

Direct call support for native system libraries

• C++ is great for system-level programming because it allows the programmer to make direct calls to native system libraries.
•  As a higher-level language, Java requires additional tools (e.g., Java Native Interface or Java Native Access) to access native features.

Structures and unions

• A structure contains an ordered group of data objects and a union is an ordered group of data objects that must all start at the same location in memory.
•  Java does not support structures and unions. C++ supports both of these constructs and treats them like classes with members and inheritance set to public by default.

Run time errors

• When a C++ program suddenly stops running, you must manually find the runtime error. In Java, runtime error detection is handled by the system.

Which One Two Learn:

• Both Java and C++ can be used to create a wide variety of programs. However, the language you use is determined by what you want developed.
• C++ is generally reserved for software that needs “hardware-level” manipulation.
•  One difference between C++ and Java is that C++ is closest to machine language, which makes it much more viable for software that needs to run quickly and requires the ability to work directly with your computer’s memory, hard drive, CPU or other devices. 
• C++ is also common with gaming applications where speed is necessary.

• You can manipulate hardware with Java, but it’s not a common language for low-level programming since it’s a “safer” language. Because Java won’t allow you to perform certain functions to protect the PC, it’s preferred for higher level applications.